Chapter 2 — Takeoffs and Departures

Safety in the Departure Environment    2-1
Surface Movement Safety    2-1
Airport Sketches and Diagrams    2-1
Airport/Facility Directory    2-2
Surface Movement Guidance Control System    2-2
Airport Signage/Lighting/Markings    2-3
Runway Incursions    2-3
Runway Hotspots    2-4
Standardized Taxi Routes    2-4
Runway Safety Program    2-6
Takeoff Minimums    2-6
Takeoff Minimums for Commercial Operators    2-8
Operations Specifications    2-8
Head-Up Guidance System    2-8
Ceiling and Visibility Requirements    2-8
Runway Visual Range    2-8
Runway Visibility Value    2-9
Prevailing Visibility    2-9
Tower Visibility    2-9
Adequate Visual Reference    2-9
Automated Weather Systems    2-9
Automatic Terminal Information Service and Digital ATIS    2-10
IFR Alternate Requirements    2-11
Alternate Minimums for Commercial Operators    2-12
Departure Procedures    2-12
Design Criteria    2-12
Airport Runway Analysis    2-17
SID Versus DP    2-17
Obstacle Departure Procedures    2-18
Flight Planning Considerations    2-18
Standard Instrument Departures    2-19
Pilot NAV and Vector SIDS    2-21
Flight Planning Considerations    2-22
Procedural Notes    2-22
DP Responsibility    2-22
Procedures Assigned by ATC    2-26
Procedures Not Assigned by ATC    2-26
Departures from Tower-Controlled Airports    2-26
Departures from Airports without an Operating Control Tower    2-27
Ground Communications Outlets    2-27
Obstacle Avoidance    2-27
Climb Gradients and Climb Rates    2-27
See and Avoid Techniques    2-27
Area Navigation Departures    2-28
RNAV Departure Procedures    2-28
Pilot Responsibility for Use of RNAV Departures    2-30
Radar Departure    2-34
Diverse Vector Area    2-34
VFR Departure    2-34
Noise Abatement Procedures    2-34